Footwear in India has always been more than a basic necessity. From ancient wooden sandals to handcrafted juttis, mojaris and Kolhapuri chappals, shoes and sandals have quietly recorded the country’s cultural evolution, social changes and artistic traditions. Often overlooked in discussions about heritage, footwear offers a unique glimpse into India’s history through the materials, designs and craftsmanship passed down across generations.

For centuries, Indian footwear has reflected the lifestyle and identity of different communities. The country’s diverse geography and climate played an important role in shaping footwear styles. While some regions developed lightweight sandals suitable for hot weather, others created durable designs meant for agriculture, travel and daily labour. Over time, these practical creations evolved into cultural symbols.

One of the oldest examples of Indian footwear is the paduka, a simple wooden sandal associated with ancient spiritual traditions. Worn by sages and religious figures, the paduka represented simplicity and detachment from material comforts. Its presence in Indian literature, art and religious traditions highlights the importance footwear has held beyond everyday use.

As kingdoms flourished, footwear became a part of royal fashion and craftsmanship. Traditional designs such as mojaris and juttis gained popularity among royal families and aristocratic communities. Skilled artisans decorated these shoes with embroidery, colourful threads and detailed patterns, transforming them into pieces of wearable art. These styles later became closely associated with weddings, festivals and cultural celebrations.

The story of Indian footwear is also a story of regional diversity. The Kolhapuri chappal, known for its handmade leather work and durability, emerged from the Maharashtra-Karnataka region and became popular among rural communities because of its comfort and practicality. Over the years, it moved beyond its traditional roots and found a place in contemporary fashion, with designers incorporating its classic style into modern collections.

Handcrafted juttis from Punjab and Rajasthan continue to represent India’s artistic heritage. Their bright colours, intricate embroidery and traditional designs have made them popular not only within India but also among international audiences interested in ethnic fashion. Beyond fashion, footwear has also reflected India’s social and economic history. The making of traditional footwear created livelihoods for artisan communities that developed specialised skills over generations. From selecting materials to stitching and decorating each pair, the process represents years of knowledge and craftsmanship.

The survival of these traditions faces challenges in the modern era. Machine-made footwear, changing consumer preferences and limited opportunities for artisans have created pressure on traditional crafts. Many craftsmen are now adapting by combining traditional techniques with modern designs to reach wider markets. The renewed interest in sustainable fashion has also brought attention back to handmade Indian footwear. Consumers are increasingly looking for products that have cultural value, support local craftsmanship and offer an alternative to mass-produced goods.

Today, Indian footwear stands at the intersection of history and innovation. Traditional designs are appearing on fashion runways, online marketplaces and global platforms, proving that heritage crafts can continue to evolve without losing their identity. Every pair of traditional Indian shoes carries a story — of artisans, communities, regions and generations that shaped its journey. While footwear may seem like a small part of everyday life, in India it has become a living record of the nation’s cultural past and its changing present. From ancient pathways to modern streets, these footsteps continue to tell the story of India.
Disclaimer: This image is taken from Hindustan Times.

India’s approach to wildlife conservation should evolve beyond the traditional “man versus wild” mindset, with experts calling for a more inclusive model that combines technology, financial security and community participation to protect ecosystems. For decades, conservation efforts have often focused on creating protected areas and restricting human activities around forests to safeguard wildlife. While this approach has played an important role in protecting endangered species, experts believe that modern environmental challenges require a broader strategy that considers both ecological needs and human realities.

The idea behind the changing conservation philosophy is that humans and wildlife do not always have to be seen as opponents. Instead, experts suggest that conservation efforts should focus on creating a balance where local communities, economic development and environmental protection can progress together.

India’s forests support a large population of people who rely on natural resources for their livelihoods. Completely separating communities from forests can sometimes create challenges, especially when people face restrictions without alternative sources of income. Conservation specialists believe that providing economic opportunities to these communities can encourage greater participation in protecting biodiversity.

Technology is emerging as one of the most important tools in this transformation. Artificial intelligence, satellite-based monitoring, drones, camera traps and digital tracking systems are helping authorities collect accurate information about wildlife and ecosystems. These technologies are being used to monitor animal movements, detect illegal activities, identify changes in forest cover and improve responses to human-wildlife conflicts. Experts believe that the use of advanced tools can make conservation efforts more efficient while reducing pressure on both wildlife and local communities.

Financial stability is also becoming a key part of conservation discussions. Experts argue that protecting forests cannot be separated from improving the economic conditions of people living near them. Sustainable tourism, environmentally friendly businesses, forest-based industries and alternative livelihood programmes can help communities benefit from conservation rather than viewing it as a restriction.

Several successful conservation efforts have shown that local communities can become important partners in protecting nature. Traditional knowledge about forests and wildlife, when combined with scientific research and modern technology, can create stronger and more practical conservation solutions.

India’s growing population, rapid urban expansion and infrastructure development have increased pressure on natural habitats. As the country continues to pursue economic growth, experts say conservation policies must find ways to protect biodiversity without ignoring social and economic realities.

The future of wildlife protection may not depend on choosing between humans and nature but on finding ways for both to coexist. A conservation model built on innovation, technology and community involvement could offer a more sustainable path for India’s forests and wildlife. Experts believe the goal should no longer be a battle between “man and wild” but a partnership where protecting nature also helps secure the future of people who live alongside it.
Disclaimer: This image is taken from Hindustan Times.

Chinese New Year celebrations are set to get even more exciting as River Hongbao marks its 40th anniversary this year. The iconic event will bring a range of lantern displays and activities to Gardens by the Bay from February 15 to 24, all free for visitors. One of the highlights is the return of River Hongbao’s fireworks display, which hasn’t been seen since 2020. The show will feature vibrant, choreographed bursts of color, with timings at 8 pm on February 15, midnight on Chinese New Year’s Eve (February 16), and 9 pm on the first two days of Chinese New Year (February 17 and 18) at The Meadow.

In addition, a special 40th anniversary exhibition will showcase the history of River Hongbao through photos, videos, lanterns, and interactive elements. Committee member Pok Cheng Chong shared that the exhibit allows visitors to “walk through River Hongbao’s journey” and even write down their wishes for future events. Having joined the committee in 2023, Cheng Chong said he is especially excited about this milestone, which celebrates 40 years of growth and evolution.

The anniversary will also feature special lantern installations. The Welcome Arch at The Meadow, shaped like the number 40 and decorated with floral designs representing spring and new beginnings, greets visitors as they enter. Another installation, Galloping into the Year of the Horse, draws inspiration from the Mandarin expression wan ma ben teng (thousands of horses galloping), symbolizing prosperity and success, with a backdrop of HDB flats designed as a scroll to blend tradition with modern life.

Returning favorites include the towering God of Fortune lantern, symbolizing luck and blessings. This year, it holds a Ruyi sceptre, representing power and wish-granting, and a bundle of cabbage, which in Mandarin (bao cai) sounds like “wrapping up fortune.” Complementing the River Hongbao festivities, Gardens by the Bay’s Flower Dome will host Spring Blossoms: Gallop into Prosperity from January 16 to March 1. The display features eight life-sized horse lanterns set among plum blossoms, orchids, chrysanthemums, and bamboo — known as the “Four Gentlemen” of Chinese art — inspired by the classic ink painting Ba Jun Tu and the serene Jiangnan Gardens.

River Hongbao 2026 will also feature live performances by local artists and cultural troupes, movie screenings by director Jack Neo’s J Team Productions, and family-friendly amusement rides at the Supertree Grove, including a double-story horse carousel, Flying Dumbo, and carnival games, with tickets required for rides. The event takes place at Gardens by the Bay, 18 Marina Gardens Drive, Singapore, with opening hours from 6:30 pm to 10:30 pm on February 15, 6:30 pm to 12:15 am on February 16, and 2:30 pm to 10:30 pm from February 17 to 24.
Disclaimer: This image is taken from AsiaOne.

Miss Mexico Fatima Bosch was crowned Miss Universe 2025 on November 21 during the grand finale held in Bangkok, Thailand. At 25, she became the fourth woman from Mexico to win the prestigious title and the 74th winner in the pageant’s history. Bosch earned the crown after competing against a strong group of finalists, including Miss Thailand Praveenar Singh, Miss Venezuela Stephany Abasali, Miss Philippines Ma Ahtisa Manalo, and Miss Côte d’Ivoire Olivia Yace.

Her victory followed weeks of intense attention after a viral confrontation with Thai pageant executive Nawat Itsaragrisil. During a livestream on November 4, Nawat publicly reprimanded Bosch for not posting promotional materials and appeared to insult her by calling her a “dumb head.” The remark prompted Bosch to walk out of the room, a move that several other contestants supported by following her out. Shortly after the incident, Bosch shared a message on social media saying that if something costs a person their dignity, it is better to walk away.

Nawat later offered a public apology, explaining that the pressure of the event had caused him to lose control. He said he did not intend to insult anyone and later claimed that he had not called Bosch a “dumb head,” but had used the word “damage” instead. His behaviour drew criticism from Raul Rocha, president of the Miss Universe Organization, who condemned his actions and announced that the Thai director’s participation in future events would be limited.

The 2025 pageant faced several other controversies as well. A week after the walkout incident, two judges resigned, one of whom, Omar Harfouch, claimed that the competition had been rigged. He stated on social media that two days before the final, a secret vote had been held to pre-select 30 contestants, even though the individuals involved were not official members of the judging panel. The Miss Universe Organization rejected these allegations, insisting that no external group had been authorized to evaluate contestants or choose finalists.

Adding to the tension, Miss Jamaica Gabrielle Henry fell off the stage during the preliminary evening gown round on November 19 and had to be taken out on a stretcher. An update released on November 25 confirmed that she had been treated at the hospital and had not suffered any broken bones.

Despite the controversies that surrounded this year’s event, Fatima Bosch’s achievement remains a defining moment. Her grace under pressure and her ability to stand firm in the face of criticism earned admiration from audiences around the world, ensuring that her Miss Universe 2025 win will be remembered long after the noise surrounding the pageant fades.
Disclaimer: This image is taken from Insta/missuniverse.

Every Wednesday and Friday throughout August, we’re revisiting some of the standout audio long reads from 2026, giving listeners another chance to experience stories they may have missed. Each feature is accompanied by a note from our editorial team explaining why it earned a place among this year’s highlights. This edition revisits a story first published in February, chronicling one writer’s decades-long search for answers to a mysterious illness before finally receiving a diagnosis. The piece also explores whether techniques aimed at retraining the brain could offer a path toward recovery.

Disclaimer: This podcast is taken from The Guardian. 

In this edition of Made in SG, Melanie Oliveiro spotlights W Optics, a Singapore-based vision care specialist and optical retail chain. W Optics CEO Jonathan Wong shares the company's journey, explaining how his father, Francis Wong, founded the business and eventually entrusted him with leading its next phase of growth. Joining the discussion is senior optometrist and manager Oh Shwu Ji, who offers insights into common eye health concerns while highlighting the latest trends in eyewear design and prescription glasses.

Disclaimer: This podcast is taken from CNA.

The 2026 FIFA World Cup has come to an end, but the tournament will be remembered for far more than the action on the pitch. From debates over hydration breaks, controversial VAR decisions, and a demanding match schedule to growing concerns about football's evolving identity under increasing commercial influence, the competition sparked widespread discussion. Andrea Heng and Poh Kok Ing examine the tournament's most talked-about controversies alongside Dr. Tom Heenan, a lecturer at the Monash Intercultural Lab at Monash University, offering insights into how these issues shaped the World Cup experience both on and off the field.

Disclaimer: This podcast is taken from CNA.

Following his recognition as Singapore's Sportsman of the Year at the Singapore Sports Awards, world champion pool player Aloysius Yapp joined Andrea Heng and Hairianto Diman to reflect on the remarkable season that led to the country's highest individual sporting honour. During the conversation, Yapp shared insights into the achievements, challenges, and milestones that shaped his career-defining year.

Disclaimer: This podcast is taken from CNA.